Human-computer interaction
by Aseem Kulkarni
May 19, 2022
4-5 mins read

Human-Computer Interaction put simply, is how people interact with computers, and how capable the computers are of having a meaningful interaction with humans. Human-computer interaction revolves around the psychology, needs, requirements and feelings of the users, while they use computers to perform tasks. It is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, cognition and implementation of computing systems for human use.
Earlier, when technology was just booming, developers would not pay much attention to the ease-of-use, since getting the tasks done, and getting the message across was the goal. Nevertheless, as technology progressed, and people began using computers more and more, the need to make the way information was showcased better was felt.
Many would argue that computers are still not user-friendly enough to establish a seamless connection for people of all age groups, however, developers and designers would say that designing or making computers is a difficult process. This is due to the fact the demand for the services a machine provides, outdrives the demand for its usability.
One crucial aspect of Human-Computer Interaction is that each user has different perceptions, or preconceived notions about interactions because each person has a unique way of learning things or picking up skills. This results in different sets of users having different preferences. This is where user experience and interface come into play. Studying users, their mindsets or their way of thinking helps designers and engineers narrow down the requirements, and provide a seamless journey for every user.

The things we like about technology keep changing, our interests keep varying, because we have the urge to evolve and get our hands on a better version of what we have. This creates a lot of possibilities for the way we interact with computers. Users’ preferences change in a gradual manner, as they get accustomed to the new methods.

Up until the 70s, only IT professionals and engineers were using computers, however, with the rise of personal computing in the late 70s and early 80s, everything changed.
Personal computing, consisting of software (applications such as editors or computer games) and platforms (operating systems, programming languages, and hardware), increased the chances of everyone becoming a potential customer. This scenario shed light on the shortcomings of computers regarding usability for people who wanted to use computers as tools.
Human Computer Interaction is also associated with the joint performance of humans & computers. The devices used are a part of the physical interaction, and the type of interaction, or styles, or modes of interaction are a part of the theoretical interaction.

Xerox Alto – 1 March 1973
Xerox Alto and Apple Lisa, were the earliest computers that made use of the graphical user interface “GUI”, that was developed by Alan Kay & Douglas Engelbart at Xerox PARC. A GUI is a display that allows the user to choose commands, initiate files or start programs, and do other routine tasks by navigating and browsing through the visuals displayed on the screen.
Apple Lisa – 19 Jan 1983
Albeit Xerox Alto made use of the early stage of the GUI, people were introduced to it the first time when Apple released Lisa. This was the first time people were introduced to a personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI), that helped them perform routine operations, as opposed to command prompts from the older machines.

The main goal of HCI is usability and providing the users with a seamless journey. Failing to do that can result in:
Users having a hard time interpreting what is being shown to them
Bad User Experience
Potential customers clicking away
Users not being able to establish a connection with the system
The whole process turning mundane
HCI is crucial for systems or machines to be more safe, helpful, and functional. It makes the experience more enjoyable in the long term, and is the clincher between a user feeling good about the process and walking away from it.
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